6 Second Law

1. Reversible process and sources of Irreversibility
Definition of reversible and irreversible processes; irreversibility due to: friction and viscosity, heat transfer, mixing and free expansion
Video lecture: English text & narration - English text+Arabic narration
Video worked examples: Example 1 (English) - Example 1 (Arabic); Example 2 (English) - Example 2 (Arabic)
Exercises and quizzes
2. Heat engines
Definition of a heat engine and of a heat reservoir; Example of: a motor, a refrigerator and a heat pump; coefficients of performance for each
Video lecture: English text & narration - English text+Arabic narration
Video worked examples: Example 1 (English) - Example 1 (Arabic); Example 2 (English) - Example 2 (Arabic)
Exercises and quizzes
3. Second Law statements
General statement; Clausius statement; Kelvin-Plank statement; Caratheodory statement; equivalence of statements
Video lecture: English text & narration - English text+Arabic narration
Video worked examples: Example 1 (English) - Example 1 (Arabic); Example 2 (English) - Example 2 (Arabic)
Exercises and quizzes
4. Carnot cycle and Carnot principles
Definition of Carnot cycle; efficiency if cycle performed on an ideal gas. Carnot principles; Coefficients of performance for reversible cycles; comparison with irreversible cycles
Video lecture: English text & narration - English text+Arabic narration
Video worked examples: Example 1 (English) - Example 1 (Arabic); Example 2 (English) - Example 2 (Arabic)
Exercises and quizzes
5. Thermodynamic temperature scale
Obtaining the thermodynamic temperature scale; comparing with ideal gas thermometer
Video lecture: English text & narration - English text+Arabic narration
Video worked examples: Example 1 (English) - Example 1 (Arabic); Example 2 (English) - Example 2 (Arabic)
Exercises and quizzes

---

Resources are under the Creative Commons license